Discover what exist in the universe
Origin and Nature of the CMB The cosmic microwave background (CMB) emerged about 380,000 years after the Big Bang, when the universe cooled enough for protons and electrons to form neutral hydrogen atoms. This transition allowed light to travel freely across space without constant interference from charged particles. Today, this […]
Supernovae are monumental events in the cosmos, marking the end of stars and contributing significantly to the universe's intricacy. These celestial explosions play a crucial role in the creation of elements and the shaping of galaxies. By understanding supernovae, we gain insights into both the life cycles of stars and […]
Introduction to K2-18b K2-18b, located 124 light-years from Earth in the constellation Leo, intrigues researchers worldwide. Orbiting its red dwarf star, K2-18, this exoplanet absorbs around 1.22 kilowatts of solar power per square meter—comparable to Earth's 1.36 kW. These familiar details spark scientists' interest. Classified as a Hycean exoplanet, K2-18b […]
In the vast expanse of the universe, cosmic phenomena such as dark matter, dark energy, and the cosmic microwave background present intriguing puzzles. These elements, while elusive, shape our understanding of the cosmos. As we advance in technology and methodology, our grasp on these celestial mysteries continues to evolve, offering […]
Foundations of the Cosmic Distance Ladder Measuring cosmic distances is challenging. To determine how far away stars, galaxies, and other celestial bodies are, astronomers use the cosmic distance ladder. Each step, or "rung," involves different techniques that build upon one another, allowing scientists to reach greater distances with each successive […]
Types of Galaxies Galaxies come in various shapes and sizes, moving through the cosmos with distinct characteristics. Spiral galaxies, like the Milky Way, feature bright, winding arms that host star formation, driven by dense gas clouds compressed by gravitational forces. They often have a central bulge packed with older stars. […]
Current Estimates and Methods The age of the universe is a fundamental question in cosmology, with current estimates centering around 13.82 billion years, based on data from the European Space Agency's Planck mission. However, discrepancies in measurements of the Hubble constant—which quantifies the universe's expansion rate—have led to a paradox […]
Cosmic Microwave Background and the Cold Spot The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), discovered by physicists Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson in 1964, solidified the Big Bang theory and opened new avenues for cosmic exploration. This remnant of the early universe continues to intrigue scientists today. In the constellation Eridanus lies […]
Normal Matter vs. Dark Matter Normal matter, comprising less than 5% of the universe, is made of protons, neutrons, and electrons. It's visible, tangible, and forms everything from planets to living beings. Dark matter, accounting for about 27% of the universe, doesn't interact with light and is only detectable through […]
Fundamentals of Redshift The concept of redshift is analogous to the Doppler effect observed with sound waves. When light travels towards an observer, the waves compress, shifting the color towards the blue end of the spectrum (blueshift). Conversely, when light sources move away, the waves stretch, shifting towards the red […]
