Welcome to the strange and deadly world of Magnatars neutron stars but scarier. Let’s find out more This means that the pressure of the energy produced by fusion decreases. A star begins to shrink as it shrinks hydrogen from the outer layers of the star is forced towards the core a nuclear fusion can resume again in a shell surrounding the helium-rich core. It expands the outer layers cool down and this stops the star from expanding any further and we can often see these expanded stars. Further temperatures rise, and if the star is large enough, temperatures will rise high enough to start fusing the helium at the core. The helium will then be fused into carbon and oxygen, and there will be enough of this helium around to last many millions of years.
As this happens, the temperature of the core will rise even higher, and the fusion of carbon produces sodium, neon, and magnesium, and this process of fusing heavier and heavier atoms will continue. Fusion eventually produces iron, which cannot be fused further. However, this is not strictly true. Up to this point, fusion of lighter elements has always produced energy, which has kept the star alive by maintaining outward pressure. Fusion, on the other hand, would require more energy than it produces, which means that the star has used up all of its fuel and the outward pressure of nuclear fusion no longer exists as a result the core of the star collapses and implodes at about a quarter of the speed of light this collapse then rebounds and blows the star apart in a supernova explosion the core however remains behi Atomic nuclei are made up of neutrons, protons, and electrons, but due to gravity, the electrons are forced into the protons, forming more and more neutrons until we’re left with mostly neutrons, hence the name neutron star.
The combining of protons and electrons releases massive amounts of neutrinos, which explode away from the newly forming neutron star, the temperature of which is an incredible 100 billion Kelvin, or about 10 000 times hotter than the sun. Without going into too much detail, the second burst of neutrinos releases about 10 to the 46 joules, which is about as much energy as the sun would produce if it were to Shrine for a trillion years. What we’re left with is a neutron star, a super dense soup of neutrons. A neutron star has a mass between 1.1 and 2.1 times that of our sun but is contained in a body only 20 kilometers or 12 miles in diameter, about the size of a city here on Earth. They are so dense that a single teaspoon of neutron star matter would weigh about a billion tons, roughly the weight of Mount Everest. All stars spin, and so do neutron stars. However, due to a phenomenon known as the conservation of angular momentum, when a star collapses into a neutron star, it becomes much smaller, which causes it to spin faster. This is similar to the effect seen when an ice skater spins, as they bring their arms and legs closer to their body, they begin to spin faster. Pulsars also emit radiation from their magnetic poles, which are sometimes different from their center of rotation; we detect this radiation as pulses because the neutron star spins like a lighthouse; its light is constantly shining, but we only see it when it shines in our direction; and pulsars can swim very quickly, up to hundreds of times per second.
Magnetars are another type of neutron star; they share some similarities with pulsars, but they also have These are more rare than pulsars we’ve discovered over 3 000 pulsars in the Milky Way but only about 34 magnetars this may be due to the fact that magnetars don’t last very long we think that maybe one in ten neutron stars becomes a magnetar well then let’s take a look at these extreme bodies and a little about how they’re similar and how they’re different from pulsars well as our neutron stars they form To begin with, because of the huge mass and Tiny size magnatars have a huge gravitational pull, light passing through the magnetar would be bent quite significantly as it passed, as we can see this distorts the space around the star a little bit like light is distorted around a black hole, and normally when we look at an object we can only see the side that is pointing towards us, but on a magnetar because of the huge gravity we can even see some Because of their high temperatures, white magnetizes emit most of their radiation as X-rays, but they will emit radiation as both blue and red light, making them appear white. As we observe the surface of the star from a safe distance, we may notice something strange happening. The magnetic field is so extreme that fluctuations in the field may cause star Quakes, similar to Earthquakes, but on the surface of the star.
These are so violent that they can crack the crust of the star, leading to If we look at the crust and Beyond and study the internal structure of these extreme objects, we’ll find a lot of strangeness. For example, the outer crust appears to be made of atomic nuclei and electrons, and just beneath that, as we move towards the inner crust, these nuclei become larger and larger with more and more neutrons, but as they get bigger, the nuclei can’t hold on to all these neutrons, so they just spill out to form a sea of neutron Scientists use a variety of methods to describe the strength of a magnetic field, one of which is the Tesla coefficient. If you have a fridge magnet on your fridge that has a power of about 5 Milli Tesla or 0.005 Tesla pretty much the strongest magnets that are commercially available a rare earth magnets such as those that use neodymium a coin-sized magnet of this type can lift eight kilos or about 17 pounds these magnets have a strength of one Tesla The magnetic field strength generated by a magnetar ranges between 100 Mega Tesla and 100 Giga Tesla.
If you get within a thousand kilometers of the magnetar, about 600 miles, the magnetic field will be so strong that it will literally rip you apart atom by atom the atoms that make up your body are affected by magnetic fields and this field would tear you apart if that wasn’t bad enough the magnetic field is so strong that it will affect the shape of the atoms stretching them so that they are a hundred times l Fortunately, our time and space machine is immune to all damage, including extreme magnetic fields, though it is looking a little battered than it used to, so I believe it is time for us to embark on the Journey. Back in the safety of our solar system, we will resume our journey around the universe at some point in the future, but for now, and until next time.
