lucifer Phosphorus Ishtar Evening Star All of these names refer to the same celestial body, Venus, the third brightest object in our sky. This planet has always attracted sky watchers and scientists, and for many years, the dense, impenetrable clouds covering its surface sparked the imaginations of observers, who imagined a vast ocean with impossible jungles crawling with monstrous creatures. The truth turned out to be even more complicated and horrifying than these naive assumptions, so what exactly does Venus conceal from us?
Venus is the second-closest planet to the sun. 72 astronomical units from the system’s center, Venus’s orbital period is equivalent to approximately 225 earth days. Interestingly, every 584 days, the distance between Venus and Earth shrinks to its smallest point, which is approximately 0.25 astronomical units. Notably, Venus faces the Earth with the same side throughout their closest approach. There is no conclusive evidence to explain this, but it may be due to the tidal forces exerted by our planet, or it may simply be a coincidence based on its physical characteristics. Venus resembles the earth in many ways. its average radius is 6052 kilometers, or 95 percent that of the earth, and its mass is 4.87 times 10 to the power of 24 kilograms, or 0.82 that of our planet. Venus rotates on its axis once every 243 days, and its axis is tilted 3.4 degrees relative to the ecliptic plane. for an extended period of time Behind a veil of its dense atmosphere and thick clouds, Venus has concealed its true appearance from earth-based observers. This has led to a plethora of highly imaginative hypotheses and assumptions.
Some of them claimed that there was a highly advanced civilization concealed beneath the planet’s impenetrable outer layer, while others suggested that there was a world that was home to bizarre life forms. Until a certain point in the recent past, assumptions about Venus were relegated to the realm of science fiction, and the development of radio location technologies was a major breakthrough that brought the desired dances closer than ever. This effect enabled the orbiter pioneer Venus 1 to create the first maps of Venus in 1978. Soviet orbiters contributed to the collected data, but the maps were only accurate to within one to two kilometers and outlined only the largest features of the venusian terrain. For this reason, it was necessary to send the magellan orbiter, a large specialized radar, in 1990 to 1994. During this time, images of 95 percent of the planet’s surface were beamed back to earth.
Before discussing any planet’s surface, it’s important to examine its inner composition. according to the most credible and well-grounded theory, Venus has a metallic core whose mass accounts for up to 25 percent of the planet’s total mass. Observations indicate that Venus lacks a magnetic field, so the metallic core is most likely in a solid state; it is encased in a silicate mantle three thousand kilometers thick. Its uppermost layer is a solid crust with an average thickness of 16 kilometers. It is hypothesized that Venus’s lithosphere does not form tectonic plates due to high temperatures and a high viscosity of the rocks. This makes the planet’s geologic activity quite different from that of Earth. Venus is also unusual in that it lacks a significant number of large impact craters. Some features of this planet’s relief are unique to Venus and cannot be found on any other planet in the solar system, such as the tessary mountain ranges that resemble roof tiles.
Arachnoids and caroni are two other distinct types of the planet’s terrain surrounding aroval structures with diameters of several hundred kilometers. Although they resemble impact craters, their formation was caused by tectonic processes rather than celestial objects. Even in processed images, it is difficult for an unprepared viewer to discern any features of Venus’s terrain. Therefore, let’s examine the elevation map of the planet’s surface, in which areas of varying height are marked by contrasting colors. The region that immediately catches our attention is Aphrodite Terra, the largest elevation on Venus. These regions could be considered conditional continents of the planet. Aphrodite Terra is a vast territory that stretches along the planet’s equator. According to various estimates, its mountainous relief is quite complex. Depending on the method used to define the continent’s borders, the length of Aphrodite Terror may reach 18,000 kilometers and its width around 5,000 kilometers. Its area is estimated to be between 29 and 41 million square kilometers, which is comparable to the size of Asia. If we examine Aphrodite’s terror, we will notice three vast regions.
artla reggio thetis reggio and davdo reggio The first is located in the eastern portion of the continent and is notable for being the highest volcano on Venus. The distance from its base to its peak is approximately 5 kilometers, and its overall height above the average level of the celestial object’s surface is between 8.3 and 8.8 kilometers, according to various estimates. The volcano is currently dormant, but there is evidence that it erupted relatively recently in geological terms, as evidenced by solidified lava flows and the absence of impact craters on the volcano’s slopes. This region is especially fascinating in terms of tectonic processes. The mountain ridges here run in different directions, indicating that several forces are simultaneously tearing at the crust and deforming it. Furthermore, deep crevices have been discovered here that contain traces of lava spillage; these may very well be the most bizarre volcanoes on the planet. Moving west to the very edge of the continent, where the alleged descent points of four venera probes can be found, and where two of the probes were destroyed by tidal forces, are the alleged landing The western portion of Guinevere Planitia is adjacent to the so-called beta regio, which is one of the earliest features of Venusian relief to be given its own name.
Approximately two and a half thousand kilometers in diameter, beta Reggio is a rounded, elevated region with a roughly circular shape. Its eastern region is the final resting place for the debris of the spacecraft Venera 9 and Venera 10, which sent back the first images of Venus in 1975. They also measured the atmosphere’s parameters and sampled the soil, which was similar to basalts on earth. all this information allows us to assume that beta Reggio is the largest volcanic massif on Venus, which is why this region has the highest probability of harboring active volcanoes. As the measurements are not accurate, it is extremely difficult to distinguish between individual peaks. The maxwell montes are the coldest region on the planet, with temperatures as low as -380 degrees Celsius and an atmosphere that is 44 times denser than that of Earth.
